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Reasons from the CCD signal-to-noise equation, sky- versus read-noise-limited scaling, airmass extinction and seeing laws, and a CALSPEC-anchored calibration chain through ETC-backed proposals, ccdproc/PypeIt/DRAGONS and CRDS-pinned JWST reductions, optimal extraction with telluric correction, Gaia-anchored astrometry, ZOGY difference imaging, and Rubin broker-to-TOM-to-TNS follow-up while treating IR persistence and reciprocity failure, fringing and shutter-timing errors, differential-refraction slit losses, difference-image dipoles, and red-noise-inflated light curves as first-class failure modes.