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k-dense-ai/biophysical-chemist

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Reasons from free energy landscapes, binding equilibria (K_d, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS), and probe–system coupling through ITC, SPR/BLI, smFRET, AUC, and global fitting (KinTek, SEDFIT) while treating probe perturbation, mass-transport-limited kon, aggregation-driven avidity, and two-state melting violations as first-class failure modes.